Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Reflection and Evaluation of Technologies(Module Learning Outcome 2) Essay

Reflection and Evaluation of Technologies(Module Learning Outcome 2) - Essay Example HTML5 falls under customer side innovation and can be viewed as a rich interface innovation, given that it altogether upgrades client connection inside a program. Such innovation as HTML5 is significant in the advancement of a site since it profoundly improves the outward appearance of a program and upgrades its usefulness just as the look and feel of an application. The vast majority of the deficiencies of the original web applications and advancement advances are addresses by HTML5 notwithstanding the improvement of the UI. It tends to be as a completely intuitive program or an electronic undertaking application that is fit for offering the interface usefulness and adaptability of a work area application (Pilgrim, 2010). One of the significant preferences of such innovation as HTML5 is that it gives safe and result-arranged applications that offer a quicker and increasingly costly interface when contrasted with the customary advances and applications. Client connection with the application turns out to be increasingly alluring and fun, given the stylish worth added by HTML5 to the program and applications. With the reception of HTML5 in the advancement of sites and applications, organizations can improve their profitability while using propelled correspondence framework to step up their administrations to their clients (Schmitt and Simpson 2011). There are various rich interface advances, however at present HTML5 is viewed as the best among them. It is the most recent update of the past HTML created to address the requirements of present day web applications, for the most part so as to take out the reliance on outside program modules for most programs. HTML5 is a noteworthy improvement of the past HTML, given that it accompanies included highlights and new components which didn't exist in the past forms of HTML. For example, the standard website architecture has been improved

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Rama Plaza Building Collapse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rama Plaza Building Collapse - Essay Example While the consenting to of arrangements is a decent sign of generosity, it is basic to consider different issues which will ensure that representatives are treated in the most ideal manner conceivable. Consenting to go numerous arrangements is anyway no assurance that security will improve. However, these understandings just make the connection among laborers and businesses to be convoluted. It can't be focused on enough that such tragic occasions as the Rana Plaza mishaps are inadmissible in any capacity. In such manner, firms and enterprises must have the option to have a decent route for securing their laborers (Ehap and Salim, 67). Makers must not rely upon rules and laws so as to ensure human life. Human life is excessively significant, and the estimation of human life ought not be esteemed dependent on econometrics. This implies these organizations should have the option to take a gander at these issues in a superior manner instead of simply making rules and laws and loo at lab orer security in an intense manner. In an advanced business world, rivalry has kept on expanding in such manner; there are numerous systems which are mean to help in ensuring that organizations are skillful. In such manner, business specialists has built up the worth chain process is the existence cycle an item experiences until the item gets to the end purchaser (Ehap and Salim, 66). This procedure is a meaning of the costs which the organizations should bring about all together produce a completed thing. At the end of the day, the numerous organizations are equipped towards ensuring that the firm can introduce the best nature of their product to their purchaser while offering them the most ideal cost. This has prompted organizations trying however much as could reasonably be expected to lessen their operational expenses (Ehap and Salim, 78). For this situation, human asset has been influenced on the grounds that organizations have attempted however much as could be expected to les sen the expense of human work, prompting firms in the primary world to re-appropriate their work on board (particularly in China) so as to have modest work. This implies occasions, for example, the Rana Plaza mechanical mishap can be followed back to the shopper. To forestall this later on, it is important to include the customer and assist them with understanding the genuine expense of the item thy use. Some modest items in the market are paid for in blood since people have been mishandled to make these items. This can be found in the manner the Chinese perspiration houses are utilized to make minimal effort pieces of clothing. This has been seen in different cases, for example, in Apple Inc., Nike and so on. Buyers should be instructed about these issues and urged to keep away from blood-items (at the end of the day, items whose genuine expense is human blood.) by teaching the end customers on these issues it will be conceivable to maintain a strategic distance from cases, for exa mple, the Rana Plaza. In doing as such, firms must be compelled to uncover the real cost structure of creating their items so as to distinguish any blood cost in their creation of products or in their worth chain. From a solitary business perspective, there is along these lines a need to make an answer which isn't generally kind of the financial productivity. Organizations have duties which are attached to different partners and these obligations must be met before monetary effectiveness can be thought of. Be that as it may, over the long haul, concentrating on these duties will likewise assist singular organizations with saving over the long haul. A firm

Monday, July 27, 2020

Tips to Cope With Job Interview Anxiety

Tips to Cope With Job Interview Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Tips for Coping With Job Interview Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 28, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children BraunS / Getty Images Interview anxiety can be an obstacle for those looking for work. For those with  social anxiety disorder (SAD), job interviews can be even more difficult.?? Meeting strangers in a position of authority, talking about yourself, being evaluated and judged on your appearance, demeanor,  and ability to sell yourselfâ€"these are all triggers for social anxiety.   If you  suffer from SAD, it is important to seek formal treatment, such as medication or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).?? However, there are also strategies that you can use to help alleviate anxiety before an interview. If you have a social anxiety disorder or are simply nervous about a job interview, the following tips may help you to cope with your anxiety. 1. Treat Yourself Well Avoid caffeine, get enough sleep  and exercise regularly.?? Keeping yourself in good health is paramount when facing potentially stressful situations. 2. Visualize Success Find a quiet space where you wont be disturbed, close your eyes and visualize yourself being successful in your interview. Visualizing success is more than just positive thinking; when done correctly, you are preparing your  brain to behave in a certain way.?? This technique is used by elite athletes before competitions to improve performance. 3. Reduce Stressors Reduce stressors unrelated to your actual performance in the interview, such as uncomfortable clothinggetting lostshowing up late Well in advance, choose an outfit that is comfortable and that looks good on you. If you arent familiar with the location of the interview, give yourself plenty of time to find it or do a trial run a day or two before. 4. Do Your Research Being well-prepared is a good anxiety-reliever. Research your potential employer.Prepare answers to common questions. Every bit of preparation that you can do will help to increase your comfort level and make you feel more confident and capable in the  interview. 5. Dont Succumb to Pressure Once in a while, you may be interviewed by someone who grills you to see how you handle stress. Although, as a person with SAD, it may be tempting to spiral into negative automatic thinking, such as He knows I cant handle this job; I should never have applied or They dont really like me; Ill never get the job Stop. If you find yourself in this situation, realize what the interviewer is trying to accomplish and dont let him get you upset. Know that the other candidates have been treated the same way and that it is not a reflection of you or your capabilities. 6. Interview the Interviewer Feel less self-conscious in an interview situation by realizing that interviews are also a chance for you to evaluate your employer.?? You are deciding whether you want to work for an employer just as much as they are deciding whether they want you to come work for them. Try putting yourself in this mindset and see if your focus doesnt change. Ask questions that show you are curious as to how the organization might fit with your goals and ambitions for your career. 7. Release Anxious Energy Anxiety has a way of leaking out even when you think that you have it well-hidden. If you find yourself fidgeting, do something to release anxious energy that will be less noticeable, such as wiggling your toes.?? 8. Take Your Time You dont have to answer questions immediately. Pause before answering and collect your thoughts.??If you worry about drawing a blank during interviews, take notes as everyone talks. This takes the focus off of you and allows you to refer to your notes after a question has been asked. If you start to draw a blank, keep making notes and comment that you want to collect your thoughts before responding. 9. Be Prepared A well-prepared interviewee has an immediate advantage in an interview?? . In addition, being well-prepared and proactive will reduce your  interview anxiety. Bring everything that you think you might need, such as the following: resumecover letterbusiness cardsreferenceslicensescertificationsa pen and notepad 10. Congratulate Yourself Regardless of how you felt that the interview went, congratulate yourself afterward for taking the chance. Do something that you enjoy as a reward. Finally, avoid ruminating about how the interview went or what could have gone better.?? While its important to take note of what went well and how you could improve, dwelling on negative parts of the interview will only sap your confidence. Research on Interview Anxiety In a 2015 study of 82 Chinese individuals, it was found that strategies involving reappraisal and acceptance were more effective to regulate anxiety than suppression during a simulated job interview.?? This indicates that learning to accept you will be anxious, and reframe anxiety in your mind, will be more helpful than trying to ignore the fact you are anxious. A 2011 study investigated the effectiveness of using virtual reality (VR)  to improve job interview skills, reduce fears, and increase confidence about job interviews. In a small sample of 10 individuals, it was found that anxiety lessened through the use of the VR program.?? Features such as ongoing feedback and being able to review a transcript of the interview were cited as helpful.   It can be envisioned that in the future, VR programs such as this one may help those with a social anxiety disorder who have severe anxiety about job interviews. A Word From Verywell If youve got interview anxiety and cant seem to manage to get through a job interview, it could be that you require something more than a bit of self-help, such as treatment in the form of medication or therapy. Meet with your doctor to discuss your symptoms and devise a plan based on the best course of action for your situation.

Friday, May 22, 2020

The Moral Heroism Of Antigone By Susan B. Anthony

Humans are born with the potential to achieve greatness and to create a difference in the world. Though individuals possess the capacity to prove the immorality within them, they also possess an inner hero that is capable of performing tremendous good for the benefit of others. However, seldom do humans actually embrace the courage to stand up for their ethical principles and to challenge the existing social standards that are organized under strict leadership. Famous figures—from Susan B. Anthony to Rosa Parks—drew their moral heroism from the heroic action of characters in Greek literature such as Sophocles’s Antigone. The protagonist, Antigone, creates a conflict between her allegiances to political law and morals when the Theban king Creon decrees that the body of his nephew, Polyneices, remains unburied. To Creon, it sets a substandard example for the future of Thebes because Polyneices attacked his native city in a battle against the invading army of Argos. Since the morals of Antigone have a close connection with true justice and human well-being, she defies Creon’s laws and vows to give the proper burial rites to Polyneices as they were presented to her brother Eteocles. Antigone’s sacrifice to bury her brother results from a need to embrace family pride, a feeling to satisfy the gods’ desires, and a responsibility to represent the Theban citizens. The honor that Antigone wants to maintain for her family, coupled with the irreplaceable nature of family, outweigh her

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Essay on Comparing Arnold Schwarzenegger and Adolf Hitler

Comparing Arnold Schwarzenegger and Adolf Hitler To ‘learn’ history means to seek and find the forces which are the causes leading to those effects which we subsequently perceive as historical events.† – Adolf Hitler Growing up poor in a small town in Austria he had dreams of becoming famous; some would even say this dream soon became an obsession. This fascination soon engulfed his life, viewing his goals as a catalyst for a better life. After a brief stint in the army he pursued this dream and learned to use propaganda as a springboard to achieve a high ranking position in a political party. This political party was currently in power in the country he had immigrated to in his twenties, a country he could now call his own. Two†¦show more content†¦The Background I believe today that I am acting in the sense of the Almighty Creator. By warding off the Jews I am fighting for the Lords work. - Adolf Hitler To fully understand the views expressed in this paper, it is necessary to understand Adolf Hitler and to provide context as to why Schwarzenegger is being compared to what many believe to be the embodiment of evil itself. This section of the paper will focus on the background of both states: California and Nazi Germany. In 1929 Germany was hit with the final blow to an already struggling nation; the Great Depression. Black Tuesday hit Germany in the midst of a naval blockade, extreme hyperinflation, and poverty for many Germans. Many historians believe that the blockade against Germany was the main reason for the rise of Nazism and consequently World War II. Regardless, Germany was in a time of crisis and in desperate need of salvation. In 2003, California, while not suffering from the same magnitude of crisis as pre-Nazi Germany, was by no means experiencing prosperity. California was in the midst of an extreme unbalance: suffering from a massive debt, a governor who seemed unable to help, and increasing unemployment. Residents were exhausted of false promises made by former governors and looking for change. A recall was ordered on Governor

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Managing a Foreign Subsidiary Free Essays

Outline 1. Introduction The objective of the research is to manage the subsidiary of Metersbonwe in Brazil and Russia. Metersbonwe is a Chinese local clothing brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing a Foreign Subsidiary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Metersbonwe was founded in 1994, and it specializes in casual wear. The reasons why I choose this brand is that I’m a young man, and I think the design of Metersbonwe is very suitable for the young people. Also, Metersbonwe is a popular brand with low price, so, the developing country like Russia and Brazil could adapt the price. However, to manage a subsidiary in a foreign country is full of challenge, and the one of the important factor to make it success is The Five Dimensions of National Culture. Power Distance (PDI): the extent to the power distribution is unequally in the less powerful member. Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV): the extent to the individuals integrates into the group. Masculinity Femininity (MAS): the degree of the sexism in the culture. Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI): how this culture treat the uncertainty and ambiguity. Long-Term Orientation (LTO): the Long-term cultures value thrift and perseverance, but, the short-term cultures value tradition, the fulfillment of social obligations and protecting honors. The other factor is the leadership style. There 3 different leadership styles is Authoritarian Style, Democratic Style, Laissez-Faire Style respectively. I think my leadership style is Democratic Style, because I will not be authoritarian to make the company all listen to me, A man’s wisdom is limited, so, I need group’s wisdom to help the company become stronger. I will also not be Laissez-Faire Style, as a subsidiary company’s leader, I have a responsibility to carry the company. The research is anticipated to manage Metersbonwe in Russia and Brazil. The most important elements to manage the subsidiary in Russia and Brazil are local culture, people’s cloth wearing habit and the weather. 2. Methods The only data collection method used in the research is Internet research, because, it’s limited by the source around. But the amount of the information on the internet was plenty, also, is easy to get the useful information on the internet, although the data collect by internet research may have less authenticity and accuracy, it is enough for this research. The internet research provided lot background knowledge, relatively official information about the company, many culture conventions in the Russia and Brazil and the Unilever’s business model in Russia and Brazil to locate the research, the internet research method helps a lot in this research. . Findings 2. 1. Examine the cultural conventions influencing business In Russia and Brazil Russia: Normal business hours are 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Mondays to Fridays, and It is not unusual for Russians to renegotiate a contract. Brazil: Schedule the business meeting at least 2 weeks. Use casual conversation to start a business meeting or negotiation. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 4. 2. Determine Unilever’s business model in Russia and Brazil Russia: * Focuse d on special development program * Building leadership in large categories Using employees from 11 different nationalities Brazil: * have a local structure * top notch infrastructure * 10 major categories to sustained market leadership 2. Discussion 3. 2. Interpret the findings in light of thesis statement 3. 3. 1. Advantage for Metersbowe in Russia Diversity staff to build up the company’s culture exchange 3. 3. 2. Disadvantage for Metersbonwe in Russia Need long time to reconcile the cross culture staff 3. 3. 3. Advantage for Metersbonwe in Brazil Is not emphasize the culture convention . 3. 4. Disadvantage for Metersbonwe in Brazil 3. 3. Assess the effectiveness of the research * Not enough information to locate the Unilever’s business model in Russia and Brazil * Only internet research to fulfill the report, no other reliable source of data 3. Conclusions 4. 4. Identify and justify the Metersbonwe in Brazil * the country I choose to manage Metersbonwe is Brazil * M etersbonwe as a new brand access in Brazil clothing market 4. 5. Suggestion * More source of data provide * Confirm the accuracy of the data How to cite Managing a Foreign Subsidiary, Essay examples

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

The Indian Luxury Hotel Industry Industry Analysis Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Indian Luxury Hotel Industry Industry Analysis Tourism Essay Essay The Indian Hotel Industry has been divided into seven classs by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India based on the installations and characteristics offered in the hotels. Of these the luxury section has been defined as dwelling chiefly of Five Star and Five Star Deluxe hotels, providing to the elect category of the society. It offers high quality service at a important premium over the other types of hotels. Its mark market section is normally concern executives and upmarket foreign and domestic tourers ( Indian Ministry of Tourism, n.d. ) . There is a important convergence between the luxury sector and the heritage hotel section as a figure of the larger heritage hotels like the Oberoi Udai Vilas and the Taj Palace in Udaipur are classified as luxury hotels though they besides belong to the heritage class. For the intent of this survey, such big heritage hotels have besides been included in the Indian Luxury Hotels sector. Current Tendencies We will write a custom essay sample on The Indian Luxury Hotel Industry Industry Analysis Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Indian Luxury Hotel Industry Industry Analysis Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Indian Luxury Hotel Industry Industry Analysis Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The net one-year gross revenues for the luxury hotels industry amounted to about Rs. 5060 crore for the twelvemonth 2011-12. This represented a more or less changeless Year-on-Year growing of 12.47 % for the ten old ages between FY 2001-02 and FY 2011-12 ( Indian Ministry of Tourism, n.d. ) . Not merely do the fiscal figures show the important size of this industry, but the overall efficiency of this industry is rather high excessively every bit is evidenced from the growing in runing net incomes over the same clip period. For the industry, this growing has been a dramatic 24.15 % Year-on-Year ( Indian Ministry of Tourism, n.d. ) . The industry has mostly been isolated from the planetary economic lag even though lifting rising prices degrees have meant increased operating expense costs for luxury hotels which could still ensue in lower borders over the coming old ages. Till now nevertheless, this has been mostly offset by the big inflow of foreign tourers attracted by the diminished Indian rupee. Besides the economic meltdown has meant that the domestic travellers have decided to call off their trips abroad and go more extensively within the state itself ( Narayana, 2011 ) . Hotel invitees from ASEAN Countries have increased 17 % over the last twelvemonth. This may be attributed to the recent proliferation of South-East Asian air hoses like AirAsia, Tiger Airways and Silk Air, which have made travel to India more accessible to the public at that place ( Narayana, 2011 ) . The manpower use ratio for the luxury hotel industry has been lifting steadily and presently stands at around 2.71 employees for every available hotel room. Not merely are these figures good above the overall industry norm of 2.01 employees for every hotel room, but they are among the highest on the planetary graduated table as good ( FHRAI, 2012 ) . These high values are attributed to Indian hotel proprietors be givening to overspec their offerings and can present a important cost hazard as a lifting rising prices rate increases the labour costs. There is besides a current inclination in the luxury sector towards the acceptance of green enterprises, which have resulted in a bead of approximately 3.3 % in energy costs as per centum of hotel gross ( FHRAI, 2012 ) . Such eco-friendly enterprises besides improve the marketability for these belongingss. Indian luxury hotels have mostly been speedy to follow the latest technological tendencies. This is evidenced presently through two aspects. First, Indian luxury hotels have jumped on the societal media marketing bandwagon and have benefitted vastly from its strong range at about no cost. These hotels have even managed to develop a connect with the non-elite, aspirational subdivision of the society through the usage of their Facebook and Twitter pages which a spring a sub-rosa expression at the day-to-day workings of many of these belongingss ( Abraham, 2012 ) . Second, the rise of the Internet has besides made logistics a batch easier for these hotels to pull off. Online engagements coupled recognition card and net banking minutess and an extended usage of client databases have made it easier for hotels to supply no fuss quality service that can now be customized to each traveller s single demands ( FHRAI, 2012 ) . Major Players The major participants in this section are limited to big private ironss and franchisees or joint ventures of big international ironss who have decided to come in India in order to take advantage of its growing rate. The participants in the former class include The Indian Hotels Company Ltd. ( known to the common public as Taj Hotels, Resorts and Palaces ) , EHI Ltd. ( Oberoi group ) , ITC Hotels, Leela Group of Hotels and The Lalit Hotels, Palaces and Resorts. The international hotelkeepers who have a presence in the Indian luxury hotel sector include JW Marriot, Starwood, MGF Emmar, Radisson group and Shangri La among others. Competition The luxury hotel industry faces direct competition from a figure of beginnings, which can include: Mid-segment hotels that are looking to scale up their offerings. They pose a important menace because if these hotels can raise their service quality to someplace near the same degree as that provided by the luxury hotels, their cheaper monetary values will guarantee that many of the upper in-between category population who may hold been draw a bead oning to travel up the ladder to the luxury section no longer experience the necessity to make so. It will to boot be hard for the luxury ironss to conflict them on monetary values since they have their trade name image and the promise of a five-star experience to keep. In the long tally though, the iconic stature of these hotels should guarantee that client demand for their service neer dries up. A more important menace comes from industries offering alternate travel experiences. These would include houses offering trips on luxury yachts or high-end adventure touristry like campaign and mountain climbing. These are particularly attractive to the nouveau rich, a important part of who favor Entertainment over Pampering ( Barsky, 2011 ) . With regard to the domestic travellers, competition besides comes from the international luxury hotel and resort ironss, which themselves have good established trade name names and statures. Location on the Tangibility Spectrum The luxury hotel industry can be placed approximately on the right side of the tangibleness spectrum as it is an industry whose chief offering ( i.e. adjustment ) every bit good as assorted auxiliary experiential services ( i.e. watering place, speculation, etc. ) are intangible, though there are some touchable elements that complement these, such as dining, room and wash services ( Appendix 1 ) . Looking at these, this survey besides places the luxury hotel industry on the convergence between Peoples Processing and Mental Processing quarter-circles of the Tangibility Matrix. This once more implies that it luxury hotels provides a mix of both intangible and touchable benefits for their clients ( Appendix 2 ) . Service Offers Customer Expectations of Service in This Industry The behaviour of consumers in a cordial reception industry is rather heterogenous and can non be measured easy. The behaviours and outlooks of the consumer alteration as they travel more, derive more cognition to go more confident. Consumers are more discerning of touristry purchase, irrespective of what they pay, and holding high outlook of quality ( Abraham, 2012 ) . A Consumer visits hotel for a basic ground to acquire adjustment which is his demand ; nevertheless he expects polite staff, good atmosphere, and attentive service and so on. If such outlooks are non met within timeframe, client may go forth the hotel even if the basic demand is being fulfilled. The client outlook of service in an Indian luxury hotel may be evaluated in footings of following offerings ( Narayana, 2011 ) Unique Oriental Experience From the culinary art to the decor and staff civilization, personalized services to every little item, everything must be fussed over because the clients come in anticipating a alone experience directly from the Orient. Highest Standards of Luxury Highest criterions in every facet of cordial reception, carry throughing the kernel of Treat me like an esteemed invitee and Keep your promises . These are supplemented by touchable facets like Deluxe and Premier Rooms, Premium Suites, best Watering place and nines with a alone oriental subject, private and semi-private pools, fleets of Mercedes and BMWs, etc. Cordial reception from the Heart The staff must travel the excess stat mi to make an unerasable memory in the bosom of the invitee and construct a relationship that is strengthened with every visit. They know their invitees good in progress, their birthdays, gustatory sensation and penchants. A fully fledged path is made for the invitees as per their penchants. They have low Room to staff ratio. Suites have their ain private pantrymans. Possible Levels of Customer Expectations ( Ref Exhibit 1 ) The degree of outlook varies widely depending on mention point the client holds. The exhibit shows a continuum along which different services outlooks have been ordered from high to low. On the left are different types or degrees of outlooks from high to low. We give name to each of the outlook and seek to happen what it means in footings of that hotel. The importance of outlook as perceived by the client will measure the hotel s public presentation. Bundle of Benefits Typically Received By Customers Some services are consumed efficaciously in concurrence with other services. When clients find value in a bundle of services that are interrelated, monetary value bundling is a good scheme. The effectivity of the bundling depends on how good the hotel understands the packages of value that clients perceive and on complementarity of demand for these services. Some bundled bundles are Pilgrim Packages, Leisure Travel Packages, Corporate Packages, and Wine Tasting Packages. Besides there may be assorted offers like complementary suites, Loyalty card: based on stay in figure of yearss, Itinerary based holidaies, honeymoon bundles. Typical Service Performance of Firms in This Industry The service public presentation of houses can be measured utilizing GAPS theoretical account with SERVQUAL as instrument. We took deepness interview and assessed the five dimensions of service quality to determine the degree of service and determine which dimensions need betterments. Random sample of 10 clients was selected and inquiries were asked based on five point ( 1 to 5 ) Likert graduated table elaborating all 22 variables of SERVQUAL dimensions. When we tested the consequences it was found that the installations experienced were lower than expected in many instances. We asked the clients 17 inquiries to look into their degree of outlook and perceptual experience. ( Ref Exhibit 4 for complete analysis of SERVQUAL dimensions ) Tangibility Under the Tangibility dimension, Staff visual aspect got the highest Accumulative norm evaluation of 5 both for perceptual experience and outlook. The overall norm evaluation for the Tangibility was positive with perceptual experience was more than the outlook. The ground for client satisfaction is the glorious substructure, the palatial physique of the hotel and professional hotel staff. Dependability When we looked into the dependability, the norm evaluation for operating hours, handiness of suites, external environment were the highest with evaluation 5. The least evaluation was for on clip bringing of service with mean 4.2. The service quality of dependability was rated at mean -0.023. So overall perceived evaluation for the dimension was somewhat less than expected significance outlooks have non been met to the full. This was due to few of the clients were dissatisfied with timely bringing of service. Responsiveness When we looked at the reactivity dimension, the highest norm evaluation was for the outlook of quality of nutrient and drinks with 4.9 but perceptual experience did non met the outlook. Some of the clients preferring local gustatory sensations were non satisfied. The salutation and sole welcoming of the invitees was highest in perceptual experience with evaluation 5. Overall service quality was rated at 0.054 with perceptual experience better than the outlook. Assurance For confidence the highest outlook was 4.9 for security and for perceived the highest was for staff trustiness with evaluation 5. The lowest norm evaluation was for value for money and some for hotel ambiance where few of the clients sometime acquire disturbed with the noise outside their room seemingly from hotel staff. Overall the perceptual experience exceeded the outlook by 0.122. Empathy When we analyzed Empathy it was found that for both the perceptual experience and outlook the evaluation was highest with 4.9 for handiness of the staff. The least was for the flexibleness of the staff. The perceptual experiences did non run into the outlooks to the full and had a negative difference of -0.027. Overall Service quality dimensions based on the SERVQUAL ( Ref Exhibit 5 ) When we analyze the service public presentation on all the dimensions of the SERVQUAL, we find that clients outlooks are met for Tangibility, Responsiveness and Assurance but non for Reliability and Empathy dimensions. We can besides mention the graph of Expectation and perceptual experience ( Ref Exhibit 6 ) . Service Quality Dimensions A ; Their Relative Importance Service quality is one of the most of import factors impacting the client satisfaction and heightening the public presentation of the concern. The service quality is being analyzed based on the ServQual Model ( Ref Exhibit 2 ) . Service quality is the difference between the Perceptions and Expectations where outlooks measures what is anticipated ideally and perceptual experiences means existent public presentation. Satisfaction measures the spread between the perceptual experience and outlooks, S = P Tocopherol The ServQual theoretical account examines five dimensions of service quality Dependability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy and Tangibility. All five service quality dimensions can be applied to tauten in this industry. But the order of importance differs from a normal class with Tangibility being most of import being followed by Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. ( Ref Exhibit 3 ) Customer s Engagement in the Service Delivery Customers play an of import function in the service bringing and many a times are co-creator of the service. They besides contribute to the quality of service offered. The features of the service concern where clients are engaged in legion and varied activities to increase the importance of compatibility direction is most suited for hotel concern. This is due to the fact that when service installation supports varied activities all traveling on at the same clip, the activities themselves may non be compatible. Luxury hotels normally attract maximally homogenous groups of clients through careful placement and cleavage schemes. The upscale travelers are the primary mark section for such hotels and clients self-select into the hotels. Even in such contexts, struggle may originate ; e.g. hotel is hosting a concern convention, a NBA squad and single leisure travelers. As the clients often interact in the procedure of service bringing and ingestion, so the mix of clients at the same time s ing the service needs to pull off efficaciously. This can be done by grouping together compatible clients ; e.g. maintain meetings and conventions separate from countries of hotel used by single travellers. Service Blueprint A service design for a typical luxury hotel is included in Appendix 3. This is based on our visits to the Oberoi Udai Vilas and the Trident in Udaipur. Moments of Truths The minutes of truth are the critical client interactions with the hotel s staff or physical atmosphere which can do or interrupt his or her feeling of the service quality of the constitution. For the luxury hotel industry these include: Zeroth Moment of Truth: Is the existent hunt for the hotel and subsequent engagement online. Merely the practical embodiment of the hotel interacts with the invitee at this point of clip. First Moment of Truth: When the Guest interacts with the first hotel employee ( i.e. the driver ) and later arrives at the hotel. Second ( and subsequent ) Moments of Truth: This includes all the activities post the Check In, when he/she interacts with the hotel staff during the class of his/her ingestion of all the service offerings that the hotel has to offer. The thing to observe about the luxury hotel industry is that since it is so extremely dependent upon the perceptual experience that a client signifiers about the service quality of a peculiar constitution, any small error on the portion of the hotel risks the opportunity of reflecting ill on its overall service quality. Hence, every customer-staff or customer-ambiance interaction becomes an of import minute of truth all by itself. This is besides because the constitution is covering with clients who have the highest degrees of demand of any market section. Value in Blueprinting and its Advantages for a Service Marketer The luxury hotel industry can deduce a batch of value from Service Blueprinting of the sort that we have done for the class of this survey. This can include: Designation of the cardinal activities that go into presenting the sort of service that the extremely demanding invitees expect on a day-to-day footing from the hotel. For illustration, blueprinting will assist a service seller understand that the zeroth minute of truth is possibly the most of import for the hotel, since it allows a possible client to acquire information about hotel that can potentially change over him into a future invitee. Distinguishing between the seeable and unseeable ( frontstage/backstage ) staff and their comparative importance in presenting high quality service to the clients. Again, from the point of position of the service seller it is of import that equal importance be given to both the staff member who really pick up and present the baggage for a peculiar invitee every bit good as to the staff member who does the wing work of really transporting the baggage after its reaching from the airdrome. The acquisition is that if the wing nexus interruptions down at any phase of the service design, it will reflect ill on the client interaction on the frontstage. Blueprinting besides allows the industry to place phase where fail points may happen and extinguish them. For a service seller, the experiential facets of a luxury hotel s service ( i.e. its eating house, dark nine, watering place, gym etc. ) are offerings where in instance the preparation of the staff is non up to the grade or if the wing readying is non done decently, it can ensue in the clients traveling back with a negative position of the hotel s overall services. For a luxury hotel, as has already been mentioned, all facets of service are every bit critical because of the nature of the patronage. Therefore, riddance of fail points is indispensable and a design will assist a seller know where these be and acquire the people from operations to repair them. He/she can even fix for eventualities in instance preventative or disciplinary steps can non be applied right off. For illustration, if there might be a job with a suite that a peculiar invitee desires, he can counterbalance fo r that by supplying another room but with all the excess services that normally go bundled with their desired suite. Blueprinting besides allows a service seller to decently put up the support services and acquire the employees trained in managing those facets of client interaction that are most likely to impact their perceptual experience of service quality. Thus, for a luxury hotel, personal training and client interaction preparation for all degrees of staff will be recognized as indispensable by a service seller one time he sees the degree of forepart and back phase interaction that they are holding with the invitees to a hotel. From a selling position, a design will let the seller to cognize where the greatest strengths of the hotel lies so that he/she can play that up in any publicity or client communicating runs that he/she might be assisting the house tally. For illustration, if Udai Vilas recognizes the fact that its atmosphere is the chief point of attractive force and keeping for its bing clients, its service seller will play it up as a strength in future trade name communications with possible clients. Physical Evidence The servicescape includes the installation s exterior ( landscape, exterior design, signage, parking, environing environment ) and interior ( interior design and decor, equipment, signage, layout, air quality, temperature and atmosphere ) . Role of Servicescape in the Industry Servicescape plays a really of import function in the cordial reception sector as tangibleness or physical grounds is of extreme importance and is frequently the most seeable dimension of service quality. When clients visit any luxury hotel, they expect expansive service, nice decors and substructure, helpful and trained staff, etc. Many of the luxury hotels have superb architectural statement and occupy occupied authoritative edifices with antique trappings. The servicescape plays a really of import function in determining the service distinction, client outlooks, easing the clients and ends of the employees and therefore act uponing the nature of the client experiences. In luxury hotel industry the visitants interact with the physical environment more than the service agent. In fact a client experiences the servicescape before interacting with the service agent. Furthermore, this interaction is ubiquitous, i.e. throughout the invitee s stay at the hotel he will go on to interact wi th the physical facets of the hotel and therefore his perceptual experience of service quality will be greatly influenced by it. There are assorted physical components and environmental cues which help clients organize holistic image of the overall servicescape. The ocular cues include illuming, colour, personal artefacts and workss, infinite and map and design and layout. Three of the of import functions of servicescape are Cleavage It helps section the market as per the demand of the hotel. By keeping the grand-looking physical outside, luxury hotels frequently weed out those clients who they do non believe are in maintaining with the type of patronage that are their existent mark market. Targeting It help luxury hotel trade names attract chiseled market section. A show of luxury in the outside of a hotel signals its exclusivity in the eyes of the elect members of the society. Positioning The servicescape helps in the placement of hotel trade names by separating them from each other. Hence the unfastened verdant milieus of the Oberoi Udai Vilas in Udaipur set it apart from the more concern like environment of the Grand Hyatt in Mumbai, even though both are viing in the luxury hotel section. Hence, the former attracts travellers looking for luxury and relaxation while the latter attracts more senior executives from the industry ( Ref Exhibit 7 ) . Aspects of Servicescape Significantly Influencing Service Delivery The physical grounds significantly influences the flow of experiences for invitees at a luxury hotel. It can modify the significance that they attach to the service bringing, their satisfaction and their emotional connexion with the trade name. Hotels therefore, employ a figure of alone facets of servicescape that can positively act upon their service bringing. These include: Ambient Conditionss: The luxury hotel industry has amassed great expertness in the usage of background features of the environment such as temperature, illuming, music, aroma and colour to act upon the behaviours and perceptual experiences of its clients. Luxury trade names make it a point to hold clime control systems in all parts of the hotels so that the clients have a consistent experience and do non confront any physical uncomfortableness during their stay. They besides make usage of appropriate lighting and music at different locations to accommodate the tempers of the invitees. This could run from supplying comforting music inside lifts to the changing illuming employed in corridors to take a sense of sameness to them during a invitee s stay. Even the aroma and colour, particularly in the external milieus of the hotel provide a positive support to the invitees about the topographic point s service offerings. Spatial Layout and Functionality: Hotels besides make usage of spacial layouts so as to guarantee the most effectual bringing of services to its clients. This is the ground for holding anterooms with unfastened atria and a bank of lifts to guarantee that invitees do non hold to maintain waiting in the anteroom. Besides, many hotels have dedicated stepss and service lifts for its employees to guarantee their quick and efficient motion from topographic point to put throughout the hotel. Besides, the design of the hotels normally takes into history the common activities that the invitees are expected to set about. Hence, the gym and swimming pool are frequently placed together for fittingness partisans while the eating house, saloon and dark nine are kept together separate from the suites so that the invitees are non disturbed by the noise. Signs, Symbols, Artifacts: These are chiefly used by hotels in organizing a positive first feeling in the heads of the clients. These include the outer signage at the hotels, which are frequently done in luxuriant founts to mean the exclusivity of the topographic point. Besides, the prominence of the trade name logo and its usage at assorted topographic points in the hotel aid to reenforce the trade name exclusivity in the clients heads. Servicescape as a Beginning of Competitive Advantage Hotels can utilize their physical grounds as a beginning of competitory advantage in the undermentioned ways: By boxing the full corsage of service offerings within a consistent servicescape. This ensures that the invitees are able to set a touchable face to the service bringing offered by the house. This tangibleness besides helps the clients form the first feeling about a hotel and hence a brightly designed external facade can be the ocular metaphor for a high quality service offered by a house, which will pull possible clients to it. These physical groundss need non be external frontages though, for hotels, they can besides include website and travel booklet design because these are frequently the communications that the house has with possible clients. Hotels can utilize expeditiously designed servicescapes to ease the bringing of high quality service. As has been mentioned above a well-designed installation with separate service stepss and lifts for the speedy motion of hotel staff ensures an mistake free and prompt service bringing for the invitees. Hotels can besides utilize their servicescapes to work as socialisers so that it is easier for the invitees to mix amongst themselves. On the other manus, for the benefit of those invitees who wish to get away from it all and pass their holiday in privy luxury, hotel servicescapes can besides be designed in such a manner that such invitees are non disturbed by others. This can be achieved through supplying private bungalows or suites with built-in pools for such invitees. As has been mentioned above, hotels can utilize servicescapes as discriminators, particularly in positioning. However, they can besides them to foreground offerings that are alone to them. For illustration, a hotel with a assortment of eating houses to take from may plan its landscape in such a manner that it reflects the culinary art on offer at each peculiar 1. Besides, hotels with big dance halls can farther stress them by puting in expensive interior ornament. Wild Card: Customer Loyalty at Luxury Hotels: Attracting the Right Clientele Luxury hotels are faced with the job of client keeping non because of intense competition, though it still has some function to play, but majorly due to the fact that they cater to a comparatively smaller and extremely specific set of patronages that demand merely the highest quality of service and is surely non averse to traveling on to a rival s hotel if the services provided to them are non of their coveted service quality. Besides, with the branchings of the fiscal recession of 2008 still being felt in the industry, keeping has become an even bigger issue. It is no secret that pulling new clients is both excessively hard and excessively expensive as compared to retaining old 1s ( Viajayadurai, 2008 ) . However, for such hotels, the issue of client keeping acquires another alone facet: that of pulling and retaining a specific type of elect client. Such clients are necessary non merely because they are the lone 1s to possess the fiscal wherewithal to be able to afford the services being offered but more significantly because they positively affect the service quality dimension of Tangibility that other invitees experience at these hotels. In short, the presence of elect, comfortable invitees is indispensable for a luxury hotel because it makes other hotel invitees feel that they are being served by an sole constitution thereby breaking the latter s perceptual experience of the service quality being offered. Furthermore, elect invitees frequently have an amplified viva-voce consequence due to their superior societal standing and therefore holding them systematically visit you as a invitee provides for a big range of future concern for luxury hotels ( Alfred N.P, 2007 ) . For the intent of this survey, we conducted an analysis of the methods adopted by the Oberoi Udai Vilas in Udaipur in pulling and retaining the right patronage and the grounds and branchings of it making so. Identifying the Right Customer: The client profile targeted by Udai Vilas includes the features that one would tie in with comfortable clients Psychographics A Values Luxury, Grandeur, Hospitality and Comfort A Life manner Plush, excessive disbursement, high self-pride and societal acknowledgment Behavioral Profile A Consumption degree and state of affairs visit one topographic point one time ; reiterate visits really rare A Loyalty Do urge ifA satisfiedA A Occupation Business Executives, Directors and Entrepreneurs Marital Status Largely married, esp. , merely married Education Largely extremely educated, Graduates and Post GraduatesA Age 25+ Reaching the Right Customer: The Integrated Marketing Communication attempt of the hotel is aimed at a healthy mix of comfortable domestic and international invitees. Of the entire invitees geting in the hotel, 45 % are domestic and about 55 % are international travellers. As per ( Market Metrix, 2011 ) , luxury hotel invitees have had the fastest consumption of Internet and Social Media among all sections of travellers. The survey besides states that about 30 % of all luxury invitees are inspired to take a travel finish from friends recommendations and another 20 % hunt the web for vacation thoughts. Keeping these statistics in head, Udai Vilas has maintained a strong online presence through on-line travel and lifestyle magazines/portals the most important of which has been the usage of Travelzoo, which has over 25 million planetary endorsers and specializes in supplying information on different luxury services, i.e. non something that would be visited frequently by insouciant travellers. The hotel besides maintains both Facebook and Twitter pages that are updated on a regular basis and supply a platform for past and future clients to prosecute with the hotel disposal who are more than willing to turn to questions or even settle grudges. The hotel besides displays its TVCs on merely choice life style and travel channels during shows that concern and luxury travellers are more likely to be watching. The full attempt is targeted towards pulling the type of invitees that Udai Vilas wants. Attempts towards retaining the Right Customer: Udai Vilas recognizes that even the most flush invitees are strongly attracted by rewards/offerings though these should ideally be of a local assortment ( Market Metrix, 2011 ) and gaining them should affect a important fiscal investing. Thus, the hotel foremost has a trueness card, which is issued based upon a combination of the figure of yearss that a invitee corset and the figure installations that he enjoys during each stay. There is besides a Most Valuable Guest construct to pull high-spending repetition clients, in which their personal gustatory sensations and penchants are found out in progress and local nutrient points and keepsakes are later gifted upon reaching to carry through these penchants every bit best as possible. This besides has a surprise component that guests normally love. Repeling the Incorrect Customer: Equally of import as it is to pull and retain the right patronage, it is every bit of import for a luxury hotel to keep its image by driving the incorrect sort of clients from sing. The best method that such hotels employ to accomplish this is by puting a high monetary value for their assortment of services. Udai Vilas does this in its room monetary values. It has four classs of suites, all of gilded assortment. These include Premier Rooms , Premier Suites with Semi Private Pool , Luxury Suit with Private Pool and Kohinoor Suite with Private Pool . These scope from Rs. 20,000 per dark to over Rs. 75,000 per dark. These monetary values guarantee that the hotel merely attracts and retains the flush patronage that it needs to supplement its Tangibility dimension of service quality. Industry Section Strengths and Failings of the Industry Strengths Natural A ; Cultural Diversity of India India is one of the most diverse states in the universe and has many millenaries old cultural heritage. The geographics is unbelievable from snowcapped highest mountains in the universe to abandon of Rajasthan, from cheery beaches to endorse Waterss of Kerala, from coastlines to tropical woods, India is full of life. India has big figure of tourer finishs which gives cordial reception industry immense potency which is still untapped. Demand Supply Gap Indian hotel industry has a immense mismatch in supply and demand of hotel suites. This state of affairs has finally led to high room duties and tenancy in Indian luxury hotel section. Therefore taking to rapid enlargement of this industry. Large figure of luxury and quality hotels are now been opened to run into client demand. Besides the cost of work force for hotel industry is lowest in India ( Ref Exhibit 8 ) Government Support Government support is really influential driver in growing of any industry. The touristry has emerged as an of import industry and authorities is back uping touristry with several of its strategies and development undertakings. Government has approved has approved immense sum to develop substructure and new tourer circuits and finishs and besides in care of historic memorials. The Incredible India run by Department of Tourism ( DOT ) has been extremely successful portraying India as a tourer finish in non merely domestic market but international market every bit good. India A ; International market The portion of India in international cordial reception and touristry market has seen a dramatic rise over last few old ages and is expected to turn more. Indian luxury hotels are systematically ranked among the best in universe. Failings Poor province of Infrastructure The province of substructure is far below criterions in India in malice of many stairss been taken by the authorities. India made a entire investing of $ 20 billion whereas states like China made more than $ 150 billion. Besides the existent province and land monetary values in India are every bit high as 50 % of undertaking cost as against 15 % abroad ( Kanjilal, n/a ) . Political, Economic, Social A ; Legal troubles Political: The Indian political scenario and security menaces discourage international visitants in the state. Economic: The hapless economic conditions and deficiency of handiness installations besides adversely affects the touristry industry. Social: Many a times the societal agitations affect the touristry and cordial reception sectors. Legal: There is tremendous legal process and trouble in land acquisition in India. Current province of personal businesss and patterns Most of the hotels in India are overstaffed compared to other states. For Indian hotel companies staff to room ratio is 3:1, which is 1:1 for international hotelA companies. The figure of luxury hotel suites in India is far less when compared to any state around Earth. The Service revenue enhancement and luxury revenue enhancement on hotel adjustment increases the measure by 30 % in India which is far higher than other states ( Kanjilal, n/a ) . Opportunities in the Industry Untapped market with alone and diverse topography India has one of the most diverse topography in the universe, the Indian luxury and heritage hotels provide alone experience for experience seeking travellers. Hotel Industry has immense growing potency as India is a land of big figure of tourer finishs whether natural, historic or modern-day. Rising Income The income of India is lifting dramatically and more and more American indians are demanding luxury and experience, therefore heightening the leisure touristry in India. Open Sky Policy The Open sky policy has benefitted a batch to the luxury touristry in India. The addition in air hose activity has benefitted both domestic and international travellers but besides helped better the substructure. Different demand demands of Domestic A ; International travellers The demand between the international and domestic travellers can be managed easy due to difference in holiday seasons. For domestic travellers, the extremum season is summer months whereas for international travellers the extremum season is from October to March. Future Direction for the Industry The hotel industry faces great challenges in future due to the glooming planetary economic conditions and competition. Besides the nature of industry makes it worse as the services are perishable. The luxury hotel industry needs to accommodate to the altering demands of the clients from more of intangible facets than tangibles. The future belongs to the unreal intelligence engineerings and hotel industry besides needs to follow those. Few of them like automatic exchanging off the AC or lowering of blinds every bit shortly as the invitee leaves the room and things are back on path when they are back. The clip in front demands greater sensitiveness to nature. Besides understanding that client will ever be in focal point of this industry. We need to do certain to construct threading client trueness to acquire them back or distribute good words about the hotel. India is emerging as a prima finish for wellness touristry with its rich historic techniques like Yoga, speculation and Ayurveda which are really effectual and without any side consequence at the same clip. Advice to New Entrant in the Industry The Indian hotel industry is expected to turn at a CAGR of 15 % for following 5 old ages and there is big spread between demand and supply, which makes this industry really attractive. But before come ining into the luxury section, the company must be cognizant of challenges of the Indian market, they can non anticipate net incomes right after being operational but it has a long gestation period. Hotel needs to place itself unambiguously or distinguish itself to last in the luxury market as clients of this section seek experience and non monetary value. The international participants can travel for acquisition or strategic confederation to acquire feel of Indian market foremost, e.g. Leela-Kempinsky confederation, to cut down hazard and optimize resources. The hotel groups can aim lifting leisure A ; concern travel to tier 2 or 3 metropoliss such as Udaipur, Trivandrum, Kochi, Chandigarh etc. The focal point of luxury will ever be on client experience, so the luxury hotels should de velop niche sections like wildlife Lodges, watering place, ecotourism, and alone experience to retain clients and supply them value-added services. Appendixs Appendix 1: Position of Luxury Hotels on Tangibility Spectrum Luxury Hotels hypertext transfer protocol: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt4Uwk6ZNq1-hkpEPu_ciJ9kLn_oWcGpHgAYUL2j4Dfl81s4Gas76aernO5UbRjtKQ_8x0olBegngokwBVFetloawTYDpY8rzGIkMySEml89JxSNmaS3HhcZArGlBiX6A7Qh2-5zRPncX4/s1600/MBA % 2Bproject % 2Btangibility % 2B % 2Bspectrum.jpg Appendix 2: Position of Luxury Hotels on Tangibility Spectrum Tangible Intangible Luxury Hotels Appendix 3: Service Blueprint for Luxury Hotel Industry Exhibits Exhibit 1: Possible Degrees of Customer Expectations Everyone says this hotel is every bit good as a castle ; I want to travel someplace really particular for my day of remembrance High Low Ideal Expectations or Desires Equally expensive as this hotel is, it ought to hold first-class nutrient and service Normative Should Expectations Most times this hotel is good but when tenancy additions, the service is slow Experience Based Norms I expect this hotel to function me in an equal mode Acceptable Expectations I expect awful service from this hotel but semen because the monetary value is low Minimum Tolerable Expectations Exhibit 2: Gaps theoretical account of service quality Exhibit 3: Relative Importance of Servqual Dimensions for Luxury Hotels Rank Dimension Variables 1 Tangibility Tangibility Attractiveness ( external ) Internal ornaments Staff visual aspect A ; tidiness Hotel installations 2 Dependability Timely adjustment Suites delivered to clients Facilities of suites Orders done by staff 3 Responsiveness Welcoming of clients Response for petitions, Giving information offering for service Speed of service 4 Assurance Staff experience and professionalism Staff niceness Price of service Effort done by staff for security Hotel ambiance ( unagitated and rather ) 5 Empathy Handiness Staff handiness Attention paid by staff Staff flexibleness Hotel prevision for client necessities Exhibit 4: Servqual- Expectation and Perception Likert Scale ( 1 to 5 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Below Expectation As Per Expectation Exceeds Expectation Average Rating for SERVQUAL dimensions and their variables Dimension Variables Tocopherol Phosphorus P-E Tangibility Hotel installations 4.0 4.1 0.1 Staff Appearance 4.7 5.0 0.3 Attraction 4.6 4.7 0.1 Internal Decorations 4.4 4.6 0.2 Dependability Facilities of suites 4.8 4.9 0.1 Timely Adjustment 4.9 4.5 -0.4 Orders done by staff 4.6 4.4 -0.2 Room delivered to clients 4.9 5.0 0.1 Responsiveness Respond to petitions 4.8 4.7 -0.1 Speed of service bringing 4.7 4.8 0.1 Information offering to clients 4.8 4.8 0 Exclusive Welcoming of clients 4.7 4.9 0.2 Assurance Monetary value 4.8 4.8 0 Hotel Atmosphere 4.6 5.0 0.4 Staff niceness 4.7 4.7 0 Security 4.9 5.0 0.1 Staff experience A ; professionalism 4.7 4.9 0.2 Empathy Staff Availability 4.9 4.9 0 Staff Flexibility 4.3 4.0 -0.3 Handiness 4.8 4.4 -0.4 Predicting client necessities 4.2 4.1 -0.1 Attention paid by staff 4.3 4.5 0.2 Accumulative Average Rating 0.30 Exhibit 5: Overall Service quality dimensions based on the SERVQUAL Dimensions Expectation Tocopherol Percept P P-E Tangibility 4.460 4.644 0.184 Dependability 4.799 4.776 -0.023 Responsiveness 4.817 4.869 0.052 Assurance 4.795 4.917 0.122 Empathy 4.430 4.403 -0.027 Accumulative Average evaluation 0.308 Exhibit 6: Comparison of Expectation and Perception Exhibit 7: Comparison of Servicescape of the Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur and the Grand Hyatt, Mumbai hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thegrandnewdelhi.com/pic/profile_hyatt_mumbai.jpg Grand Hyatt, Mumbai hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oberoihotels.com/images/gallery/oberoi_udaivilas/PG_UDA_018.jpg Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur Exhibit 8: Available hotel suites in India ( 2011 ) A Hotel classs A No. of Hotels A No. of Suites 5 star deluxe/5 star 165 43,965 4 Star 770 134 20 3 Star 505 30,100 2 Star 495 22,950 1 Star 260 10,900 Heritage 70 4,200 Uncategorized 7,078 Entire 8,707 1,32,885 Entire Demand Supply spread estimated = 150,000 suites ( India Business News, 2011 )

Friday, March 20, 2020

The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles and William Shakespeare’s King Lear Essay Example

The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles and William Shakespeare’s King Lear Essay Example The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles and William Shakespeare’s King Lear Paper The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles and William Shakespeare’s King Lear Paper this shows how generally male characters are have greater power over women however one could argue the female characters have a greater insight to the people and actions around them, such as Goneril and Regan recognising Lear’s doom. Similarly in â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbervilles†, Tess has a large amount of insight to the world around her, this may possibly be connected to the daughters of Lear. However, Tess’ misfortunes and fate create tragedy’s which eventually destroy her insight â€Å"Why it was that upon this beautiful feminine tissue†¦ been traced such a coarse pattern as it was doomed to receive†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . As Tess is raped, Hardy uses the word â€Å"doomed†, where one could suggest it is Tess’ â€Å"doom† or â€Å"fate† to be raped. The meaning of â€Å"doom† is slightly different to â€Å"King Lear† as we see Tess’ â€Å"doom† from the beginning whereas we see Lear’s by a gradual build up. Differently â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge†, the word â€Å"doomed† could be placed in another sense as one could say Henchard shares the same characteristics to Lear with his rash decision making and again his lack of insight, causing the village and the people who are around him to be â€Å"doomed†. However the female characters such as Susan can see clearer into Henchard’s wrong actions and goes with Newson the sailor, â€Å"I’ll try my luck elsewhere. † A justifiable opinion could be Susan’s â€Å"luck† is far from â€Å"doom† by going with Newson, as one visualises Henchard’s personality from the beginning of the novel. In â€Å"King Lear† one could argue Lear does not notice his own faults, â€Å"I am a man more sinned against than sinning† presenting Lear to self-pity himself as he displays himself to be the victim. However on the other hand Lear’s favouritism for Cordelia makes Goneril and Regan despise Lear â€Å"He always loved our sister most†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showing how Lear could possibly be â€Å"sinned against† by his daughters. This portrays how women who are more â€Å"opulent† have more chances of being liked. Similarly in â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbervilles†, â€Å"Tess was now carried along upon the wings of the hours, without the sense of a will. † As Hardy relates back to the theme of â€Å"time† in the novel, Tess has waits â€Å"passively† for the wedding to take place as it is not under her responsibility anymore. One could say Tess is â€Å"more sinned against† as Hardy uses another theme of fate and free will as a symbolism for Tess’ life. She uses her free will to choose or determine her own actions; however these actions she makes, seems like fate always brings her down. In comparison Henchard in â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge† could possibly be seen as â€Å"more sinned against† as well as â€Å"sinning†. Henchard had sold his wife displaying him â€Å"sinning†, however on the other hand one could possibly argue how it was not his fault as it was his fate and he cannot change his actions, making him â€Å"more sinned against†. This could create sympathy for Henchard although he has done wrong, where usually the sympathy is for the female characters. In â€Å"King Lear†, Shakespeare uses pathetic fallacy by using a storm in Act 3 to conclude Lear’s insightful decisions. The storm is presented as a microcosm of Lear’s madness, as he encourages the storm to continue he shouts â€Å"Blow winds and crack your cheeks! †. Lear personifies the wind as he asks the elements to destroy him, â€Å"his little world of man† as he sees no importance of man or nature after his death. This shows how the word â€Å"man† is the centre of importance and how the power of the storm is imagined to be originating from Lear, a male character. The â€Å"fretful elements† are metaphors for Goneril and Regan where Lear is contending with his family. Kent being disguised gives the knight â€Å"a ring† for Cordelia, being symbolic as the shape of a circle is seen with the â€Å"one bearing a coronet†. This could also be seen with Edmund using a dramatic device, holding a â€Å"letter†. This follows a theme of a cyclical story with the letter being passed around as well as the circular shape from the theme of fate and destiny. Likewise Hardy uses the Ring in â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge† to be a Roman amphitheatre, where he invites Susan to meet. Hardy uses this setting as there were ghosts of the past rumoured to be a wife and her husband, where a woman â€Å"murdered her husband was half-strangled and then burnt †¦ of ten thousand spectators. † The ghosts of the past were metaphors for Susan and Henchard, who both have the past haunting them. This shows how although the woman was seen to be powerful to be able to murder her own husband, men are still seen to be stronger as she was â€Å"half-strangled† and â€Å"burnt† for what she had done. In contrast â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbervilles† Hardy uses the past and compares it to the present â€Å"Phases of her childhood lurked in her aspect still. †, one could argue Hardy uses the past and the present similarly to Shakespeare and â€Å"Mayor of Casterbridge† as the circular shape is used not visually but literally. Hardy describes Tess as an image of femininity â€Å"As she walked along to-day, for all her bouncing handsome womanliness, you could sometimes see her twelfth year in her cheeks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Similar to Lear with Cordelia’s looks being â€Å"opulent†, Hardy presents his female characters to be feminine and attractive. Hardy uses Tess’s appearance to be the only powerful aspect of her, similar to Cordelia in â€Å"King Lear†. The power which is usually seen in male characters could be seen as â€Å"defeated†, as in â€Å"King Lear†, Shakespeare uses hyperbole to make the event seem larger than it is as Lear tragically says to the storm â€Å"I stand your slave† where we see Lear as a â€Å"weak† and â€Å"poor† â€Å"old man†. Ironically Lear says â€Å"I will say nothing† which could suggest Lear thinking of Cordelia as well as continuing this theme of â€Å"nothing†. One could say Lear’s power has been destroyed from himself â€Å"sinning† and becoming â€Å"nothing†. Lear’s daughters had more power than Lear from Act 1 however it is seen clearer in Act 3. Similarly the idea of being a â€Å"slave† continues in â€Å"The Mayor or Casterbridge† where â€Å"His old feeling of supercilious pity for womankind in general was intensified†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Henchard is seen to be a tall and strong, male figure, as he tends to feel more dominant and controlling over women. Since women are physically weaker, he feels a â€Å"pity† for â€Å"womankind† because of their weakness. This could possibly be argued how women were portrayed as â€Å"slaves† as men have the physical and stereotypical power to rule against them. In contrast Tess in â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbervilles† could be seen as a â€Å"slave† to her own family, as she goes to work in the D’Urberville household to collect money for her family at home, â€Å"she ought to make her way with en, if she plays her trump card aright. And if he dont marry her afore he will after. . Tess’ mother sends Tess away for work, however she realises Alec’s love for Tess and hopes for marriage. One could suggest her mother wants her to be married to Alec for the money which could present Tess to be a â€Å"slave† in another meaning. However she includes â€Å"if she plays her trump card aright. †, which is ironic for Tess as it seems as if she has no â€Å"trump† card in her pack. In â€Å"King Lear†, Shakespeare relates grown men to compare with â€Å"babes† â€Å"†¦to shake all cares and business from our age; conferring them on younger strengths, while we unburthen’d crawl toward death†. It seems as if Lear is ready to retire, as he adopts the â€Å"royal we† making the event seem important. Shakespeare has displayed Lear as a â€Å"weak†, â€Å"old man†, however he gives another mental image of Lear â€Å"crawling toward death† like a baby. One could argue old age is similar to being a baby as it leaves you â€Å"weak† and powerless. Goneril and Regan’s distaste to Lear humiliates him as they say â€Å"O, sir, you are old†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showing how they as female characters have greater power and order over Lear. The image of a baby in seen in â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbervilles†, however it is used in another sense. Tess’ baby could be seen as a symbolic feature for Tess’ bad luck which Tess could not control. The baby could symbolise innocence like Tess as she has done nothing wrong however she is still punished by society, for an act she could not control. This is ironic as a baby could suggest new beginning, purity and usually visualised with a mother figure. In comparison a baby is presented in â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge†, where Elizabeth-Jane is the step daughter of Henchard, as the previous baby died, â€Å"the little one too – the more the merrier! † The baby could symbolise the past and change, as when she died another baby was born – Elizabeth- Jane which could suggest a new beginning. Hardy used Elizabeth-Jane’s hair colour to foreshadow the future how she was not Henchard’s legitimate daughter. As Hardy’s novels were in the form of serialisation the theme of â€Å"foreshadowing† became present in most of his novels. Differently in â€Å"King Lear† there is no mother figure for Lear’s daughters. Goneril and Regan are seen to be violent female characters in the play; it raises the question would they be more feminine and caring if they had a mother to look out for them? Women are seen to be able to nurture and care for their children whereas one could say Lear caused his own downfall by failing to provide a mother figure. As Lear says â€Å"Come on, my boy. How dost my boy? Art cold? † this is the first time Lear is aware of the suffering of others, and acts like a â€Å"mother figure† to the fool, however it is the wrong time. Similarly the absent role of a mother figure is seen in â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge†, as Susan dies Elizabeth- Jane is left with Henchard. Elizabeth –Jane begins to like Farfrae as she believes he seemed to feel exactly as she felt about life, presenting how although she has no mother figure to look out for her, her strong insight helps her to continue her life. As Susan left Henchard a letter explaining how Elizabeth-Jane was not his daughter, it seems as if he â€Å"disowned† her by making her leave his house. The mother figure was seen to have a responsibility which Henchard as a male could not adapt to although Elizabeth-Jane was seen to be a step daughter to him. Differently Hardy uses the mother figure in â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbervilles† however she is not present too often. We see her control Tess unlike in â€Å"King Lear† and â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge† where there is a father figure with no sense of control. Tess is made to go to the D’Urberville’s house by her mother, where one could say Tess’ misfortunes began. She could represent time as although she is seen to be uneducated she still believes in â€Å"old superstitions†, â€Å"Between the mother, with her fast- perishing lumber of superstitions, folk-lore†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mrs Durbeyfield could also represent pre-industrial England with the â€Å"folk-lore† at that time. Both writers discuss the theme of women, however they are portrayed differently. â€Å"King Lear† focuses on women gaining power and having control over the male characters. The female characters in â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge† again have different roles, although this is mainly because the novel is set in the Victorian period where women’s roles were to take care of their husbands and children. Lastly â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbervilles† displays how male characters have a strong control over women, and how this affects their overall lives.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

The Ultimate 6 Step Guide to Resume Writing

The Ultimate 6 Step Guide to Resume Writing Ah, the resume†¦the foundation of every job search. Without it, your experiences and your skills are just kind of on the bench, waiting to be pulled into the game. Chances are, you’ve created a resumes for every job you’ve held as an adult- or more accurately, like, many of us, you pulled a hastily edited and patched document through from job application to job application. It becomes a Frankenstein hodgepodge of skills, old jobs, and technical proficiencies in programs that no longer exist (WordPerfect, anyone?) Isn’t it time to give your resume some love, and turn it into a living snapshot of your professional life? Don’t be lulled by the idea that you only need to work on your resume when you have an immediate need for it- a new job search, or an unexpected job interview coming your way. Think of it as a perennial plant: it should be updated at least once a year to stay current and beautiful. That way it’s ready to go when you do need it, or if you just need a quick reference of your most recent achievements (like during an annual review or if you’re asking for a raise). The good news is that it’s never too late to rebuild your resume. Let’s talk about how to write a resume and creating a new one from scratch, whether you’re new to the process or just want a fresh start. Step 1: Choose Your FormatStep 2: Choose Your TemplateStep 3: Choose Your FeaturesStep 4: Fill In the OutlineStep 5: ProofreadStep 6:  Know Your AudienceStep 1: Choose Your FormatNot all resumes are created the same. Sure, you’ve seen the standard reverse chronological resume that has your address block at the top, followed by an objective (or â€Å"find a job, duh† phrased in a much nicer and professional way), your education, your skills, and a backwards tour of your job history. That’s a great format, because it works (classics are usually classics for a reason). It’s clear, and it shows wher e you’ve been. Yet it’s not right for every job seeker. If you’re a student just out of school, or you’re trying to return to work after a job loss or a break, gaps in that chronological job history could cause raised eyebrows with your interviewer, and distract from the great qualities you would bring to the job.RELATED:  Should You Include a Summary on Your Resume?So there are alternatives to the same old format. Instead of a chronological format, you could go with a functional format, also known as a â€Å"skill-based† resume. In this kind of resume, you lead with a â€Å"qualifications summary† of your most important skills (ideally tailored to the specific job for which you’re applying). This lets you give the most space to your most marketable current qualities, if you’d rather focus on your skills over your experience or history.A third option is to mix the two in a â€Å"combination† resume. The combination res ume is good for mid-career or manager-level applicants, because it demonstrates both your strong work history and the skills you plan to bring to your next job.But what about these fancy video resumes and graphic resumes that the internet tells us are all the rage? They’re great, but for very specific purposes (like if your new job would require on-camera skills or graphic design, respectively). But honestly, a good-old-fashioned resume that you can email or snail mail to someone are still the standard. You’ll never go wrong with a strong, well-written document. You can bring the bells, whistles, and personality in your interview. If you’re having trouble deciding which format is for you, The Muse has more information on how to find the right format for you, and ResumeGenius has a library of different resume types you can review.Step 2: Choose Your  TemplateThere are several ways to go about this. You can settle in with your laptop, a caffeinated beverage, and the blank glowing screen of your favorite word processing app, then start outlining your new resume from scratch.If you find the blank screen to be too daunting, or you want guidance, well, you’re in luck! There are many, many tools online (free and cheap) that will help you build your resume. All you need is an internet connection, some time, and a list of all the things you want to include. If you want additional help from career experts, premium resume building sites often offer coaching and help for a nominal fee.TheJobNetwork has you covered on getting started with some of the best resume template sites and apps to use, including:Google Docs, to which you already have easy access if you have a Gmail or Google+ account. This has the added benefit of being able to import information from other documents you’ve saved in your Google portfolio. (Free)ResumeGenius, which specializes in helping you craft your new resume from the ground up. (Premium account required afte r a free trial period)Resume2016.net, which offers templates, samples, formatting tools, and a resume builder. (Free)LiveCareer, which offers expert advice during the resume creation process. (Premium account required after a free trial period)Hloom, which has more than 275 sample resumes for you to review for inspiration. (Free) You don’t get bonus points for creating your own template, so if you find a format online that feels right for you, use it!Step 3: Choose Your  FeaturesBefore you start writing, think about whether there’s anything else you want to include. Do you have a lot of numbers in your resume (revenue, sales, complicated statistics)? If so, think about whether you’d like to include a small infographic or a table to help present the information clearly.RELATED:  Which Font Should You Use on Your Resume?This is also where you should consider optional elements like the aforementioned â€Å"Objectives† section. Some people argue for keepi ng this traditional part of the resume, as long as you write a clear, well-written one. Others argue that it’s not necessary unless you have a large gap to explain on your resume. The verdict? Include it if there’s an important point to make about your resume, but if you need extra space for skills or work history, it’s expendable.Before you start writing, also put some thought into your font choice. You want something clear, readable, and- above all- professional-looking. Some top choices include Times New Roman, Bell MT, Bodoni MT, Bookman Old Style, Cambria, Goudy Old Style, Calibri, Garamond, and Georgia. No emojis. Ever. And remember: friends don’t let friends use Comic Sans. Also, keep the page layout clean as well. You may feel tempted to use tiny margins or make font size tiny to fit everything in, but you should stick to a basic guideline of 1 inch margins and size 12-14 font for resume body text. Keep in mind that someone might well be reading y our resume on a small phone or tablet screen, so you want it to be as readable as possible.Step 4: Fill In the OutlineWhichever format you’re using, replace any sample text with your own. As you copy and paste, make sure you’re reviewing everything closely for accuracy. (And making sure that you’re not leaving any dummy text in. â€Å"Lorem ipsum† is not going to make much sense to the reader if it pops up in the middle of your skills summary.) If you’re winging it without a set template or app, go one section at a time. Depending on the format you choose (chronological, functional, combo), the order may vary:HeaderYour main information.Marco C. Polo1313 Mockingbird LaneCleveland, OH 11111999-333-2345MCPolo@emailclient.comObjective (optional)This is a specific summary of what you’re hoping to achieve with your job search.Skills/QualificationsThis is bulleted list of your hard skills (certifications, software proficiency, language skills) as well as your soft skills (communication skills, leadership skills, problem solving skills, etc.).Job history/Work ExperienceThis is a series of your jobs, usually in reverse chronological order (starting with your current/most recent job, then working backwards). The more jobs you accumulate in your history, the choosier you can be about how much information to include for each position. For jobs that are most relevant to the job for which you’re applying, provide as many details as possible. For way-back jobs like your summer spent working at Dairy Queen in high school, consider skipping altogether unless they’re directly relevant to the new job description.EducationHere is where you’d include information about schools attended, honors received, and degrees completed. You don’t need to include years (you’re not required to indicate your age to potential employers), but be specific about schools and degrees. If you’re just out of school, you can fill in bullets about relevant classwork or extracurricular activities.Volunteer experience and interestsIf you have volunteer experience, you can include it towards the end (space permitting- if you’re going over a page, this is a section that could be better covered in an interview or cover letter).References Unless a job description specifically requests references up front, this is not a section you need on your resume anymore- and in fact, it takes up valuable space you could be using for skills and experience. You don’t even need to add a â€Å"references available upon request† line. Most employers take for granted that a job candidate will provide references if things progress.Step 5: Proofread You must, must, must proofread your resume closely before you send it out, at a minimum. Ideally, pick a trusted person to read it for you (the picker the person is, the better!). You want another set of eyes that isn’t familiar with every word in the document. This person can help flag any typos, but also let you know if your resume flows well and makes sense.Step 6:  Know Your AudienceWhichever format you choose, it’s very important to tailor your resume for the job for which you’re applying. If you’re building/rebuilding your resume for the sake of having a new and refreshed one on hand, it’s fine to keep a kind of generic version. But before you send it anywhere, be sure to look closely at the job at hand, and make sure that you’re playing up the skills and experience mentioned in the job description.And with that, you’ve got a new and improved resume ready to go for the next opportunity!RELATED: The Ultimate Resume Guide for Every Job Seeker

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Battle of San Jacinto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Battle of San Jacinto - Essay Example The researcher states that many American immigrants had migrated to Mexican Texas with full backing by the Mexican government near the beginning of the Mexican Independence. These immigrants started to rise up against the Mexican government in 1835 when the government of Santa Anna declared dictatorship rule over the country. Gradually, Texans formed a provisional government and started a movement for independence. This movement for independence was supported by many Americans, who volunteered to help the Texans in this movement. An army was formed by the help of these volunteers. In 1836 Santa Anna entered Texas with his army to take back its territory and put it back under the control of Mexico. Two battles were fought at Alamo and Goliad. Both of these battles were won by the Mexican army and a large number of Texan army was slaughtered brutally. After these two battles general Houston led his army against the army of Santa Anna near the river of San Jacinto in Texas. General Hous ton proved to be a very sharp and far sighted leader. The number of men in the Mexican army was already more than that of the Texan army and Houston did not want to give time to Santa Anna to call for more troops. Due to this reason he decided to execute a surprise attack against the Mexicans. This was a major risk on General Houston’s part because in this plan most of his army would be exposed to the Mexicans. On the other hand a critical mistake was made by the Mexican leader Santa Anna, in his confidence gained by the last two wins; he did not pay much attention to this battle and failed to post lookouts for any surprise attacks by the Texan army. This surprise attack by the Texan army was conducted in the evening of 21st April. The Texan army moved forward without getting caught by the Mexican army because their approach was hidden by trees and the uneven ground. Havoc reigns on the enemy as the Texian cavalry attack their stunned counterparts with slashing sabers (McDona ld, McCord & Haas 2008). This thing worked in the favour of the Texans because Santa Anna had not sent any men for lookouts. The bridge on the river was cut off by the Texans so that no retreats or reinforcements were possible. This was for both the armies because now the only way out of this was the ten feet deep water. The Texan infantry was led by General Houston himself. It was a well planned attack and the Mexican army was completely surrounded by the attackers. The Texan army had two artillery weapons called the twin sisters which were given to them by the city of Cincinnati. These weapons were placed in the battle and were of great help. It was a completely silent attack and the Texan forces did not reveal themselves until they were a few yards away from the Mexican army camps and then charged. They charged while shouting different slogans of â€Å"Remember Goliad† and â€Å"Remember Alamo†. The Texan army started firing at the surprised Mexicans. The Mexican ar my was not prepared for this kind of attack by its opponents and was completely taken by surprise. Most of the Mexican army was resting or asleep after building fortifications. Some of them were gone to gather woods while some of the others were fetching water at the time of the attack. The unarmed Mexicans had no choice but to ran and a complete chaos was created in the Mexican

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Labor Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labor Management - Essay Example Workers become members of unions seeing the past record, strength of the union and the reputation of its leaders in the organization. Union security often works to the advantage of the organization as well, because in such a situation the management holds discussions with a representative body of the workers and comes out with requisite policies. In addition, the management also gets a feel of the shortcomings prevailing in the organization. Ensuring the basic minimum wage standards: Law of the land stipulates some minimum wage for different types of jobs. But at times, some companies try to maximize their profits by cutting on the salaries and perks of their workers. The individual worker finds it difficult to raise his/her voice against such practices fearing adverse reaction from the management. But when such instances are taken up by the management, it helps in resolving the issues without any adverse impact on the individual worker. Protection of the basic human rights of workers: While working in difficult situations like coal factories, steel furnaces, chemical and fertilizer industry, colder places etc. the workers are supposed to have some protective equipment or shorter working hours in the harmful conditions. In case the management tries to compromise on these aspects, unions try to highlight it with the management or at other appropriate forums. Collective Bargaining Agreements: Quite often the wage stan... fixed by the management in consultation with the workers representatives by way of mutual agreements termed as Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBA). Protection against discriminatory policies: If there are any effort by the management to discriminate on the basis of race, sex, age etc. the union will take up the matter with the management. Providing an informal forum to discuss problems concerning personal issues or official matters: Union meetings, conferences and conventions provide opportunities for interaction amongst the members, union representatives and the management. Quite often, it proves a very useful forum for coming out with remedial measures and taking feedback. (3) Identify actions by Government that have tended to strengthened or weakened union security in the private sector. Unions are not always liked by the government and the management, for a variety of reasons. Therefore the tug of war continues between the management and union representatives. Some actions of the government in the recent past which have resulted into strengthening the unions are; i. Enacting laws protecting the rights of workers ii. Fixing minimum wage standards and working hours iii. Taking cognizance of the hazardous situations in which workers of some industries have to operate and stipulating the requirements for adequate safety precautions. One of the key actions initiated by the governments which have resulted into weakening of the union movement is the excessive emphasis on outsourcing and contractual employment, which at times makes the workers ineligible for the membership of unions. Off-shoring and outsourcing implies that works are done by people in other countries, which again results in attrition in the organizations, thus weakening the unions. B. (1) Discuss

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Production Planning Incorporate with Job Rotation and Work

Production Planning Incorporate with Job Rotation and Work Thesis/Project Title: Production Planning Incorporate with Job rotation and Work Injury by  Multi-Objective Criteria Courses Taken/Grades: Course Name Grade ME 460 Automation and Robotics in Manufacturing 84 ME 887 Introduction to Microsystems 85 ME 886 Advanced Engineering Design Methodology 88 BIOE 898 Special Topic 88 STAT 845 Statistical Methods for Research 90 GSR 960 Introduction to Ethics and Integrity CR Average Grade to Date:87% ME 990 Seminar:January 27th, 2016 Expected Completion Date:December, 2016 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1. Background and Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2. Research Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 LITERATURE REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1 Production Planning and Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2 HUMAN FACTOR IN PRODUCTION PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1. Human Scheduling in Technical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2. Human Work Related Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.3. Leading Factors for Work Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2.4. How We Reduce Work Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 QUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.3.1. Manufacturing Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.3.2. Dimensions of Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.4 JOB ROTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.4.1. Importance of Job Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4.2. Outcomes of Job Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.4.3. Job Rotation as a Cost Effective Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.5 WORK FORCE AGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5.1. Aging Effect Worker Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5.2. Workforce Aging Effect on Production Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 TIMELINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Motivation In the last few years, the question of human well-being at the working place has come afore as a key issues in production planning and scheduling. The manufacturing productivity is affected by both the human and machine factors. However, much of the previous research has been focused on the machine aspect but the human aspect. The previous work considers not only the productivity but also the production cost, worker safety and machine utilization. Particularly, (Xu, 2015) demonstrated the significance of work injury to the total production cost. His work also showed that the effect of work injury can be reduced by designing a production system. Due to the increasing cost of work injuries as well as concern of health work place, both the government and industry have made an effort on preventing work injury occurrences. In 2005, the government of Canada paid approximately $6.8 billion dollars in benefits through its Workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ Compensation Boards (WCBs) organization. It is being realized that the cost incurred by work injuries contributes a large portion to the total production cost, and strategies are urgently required to tackle the problem of work injury. In 2000 to 2012 period, the total costs of occupational injuries to the Canadian economy was estimated to be more than $19 billion annually. The factors other than the production system design, which lead to work injury, are: employee boredom, fatigue, lack of motivation, lack of training, and mismatch of job and workforce age. Besides design of production systems, to remove or solve the issues related to work injury, there are three kinds of techniques: Engineering solutions, Administrative solutions and Personal safety equipment (Tayyari Smith, 1997). Job rotation comes in the category of administrative solution. It is about the rotation of workers among a number of non-similar workstations, where each worker requires different skills or techniques and responsibilities to do job (Azizi, Zolfaghari Liang, 2010). It enables operators to become multi-skilled by providing them with a greater ability to handle increased demand and large product variability (Michalos et al., 2010). When many jobs of different requirements and workers of different capabilities are involved, the job rotation problem becomes very complex. Due to the complexity of job rotation, there are implications of job rotation as well. If not done properly job rotation can increase the cost of production and also reduce the quality of the manufacturing system. Cost is a factor which is widely understood and studied but Quality is one of the most important but the least understood attribute of a system. Without quality, a system cannot comply with required goals and standards. Conventionally, production planning is mainly about materials resource planning. The materials include both the material for products and the machine tools for production of the products (Krajewski et al., 2005). Many techniques have been established to improve the effectiveness of production planning, to make a plan which meets the customer demand, satisfaction and cost with other features such as continuity and resilience of a system as referred to by Zhang and Lin (2010). Zhang defines resilience as a systems post-damage property i.e. the systems ability to recover its function from some damage. In the context of enterprises, Guelfi et al. (2008) defined the resilience as the capacity of a business process to recover and reinforce itself when facing changes. This calls for a scientific approach to solving this problem. 1.2 Research Questions The following questions come up: Question 1: How may job rotation significantly affect the cost of production especially with its connection to work injury (particularly related to the worker aging)? Question 2: How to define and model the quality of the operation of a manufacturing or production system particularly in terms of resilience or system disruption? Question 3: How to define and model job rotation in production planning and scheduling so as to make a balanced improvement in terms of the cost and resilience? 2. Objectives and Scope Objective 1 To model the job rotation for incorporating them into the production planning and scheduling. The model should consider the influence of job rotation to work injury (due to aging). Objective 2 To develop a model for the resilience of a production system with planning and scheduling in place. The resilience may simply refer to operation disruption. It is assumed that by meeting the customer requirement for products or jobs, the quality of a production system is guaranteed. It is also assumed that the product delivery time is satisfied by an effective production plan and schedule. Objective 3 To develop a production planning model for achieving the lowest cost and highest resilience. In this model, besides the decision variables such as production quantity, the variable for job rotation will be included. 3. Literature Review 3.1 Production Planning and Scheduling Production planning is a planning of production and manufacturing modules in any organization or industry. It utilizes the allocation of resources (employees, material and machines) in order to achieve the organizational goals. On the other hand production scheduling differs from production planning in that a schedule includes the information such as what system components (machines and/or humans) do what jobs at what times. Ideally, one may want to be the best for all the foregoing goals but in reality this is not possible as there may be conflicts among them. For instance, low cost production may likely lead to poor product quality. Nevertheless, an optimal trade-off among these elements does make sense. In fact, from a mathematical point of view, the problem is inherently a multi-objective optimisation problem. In practice, the multi-objective optimization problem is modeled as a single objective optimization problem while the rest of elements are considered as constraints or only implicitly assumed. For instance, often the quality is assumed to be fine as long as the production meets the quantity, and the time is implicitly represented in a way that the customer demand for a period of time say T is divided into a series of time segments (ti), and then on each time segment (ti), there will be the product quantity say di. Based on the foregoing discussion, the quality, quantity, and time are modelled. This research will further consider cost and resilience. The cost goal is conventional in the mathematical model for production planning and scheduling (Cramer, 2011). Elements that incur the cost are: material cost, machine utilization cost, human cost, human work injury cost, inventory cost, penalty cost, overhead cost, and so forth (Phruksaphanrat, Ohsato Yenradee, 2006; Swamidass, 2000; Gallego, 2001; Xu, 2015; Sule, 2008). The resilience goal is less known to the literature especially a joint consideration of the cost goal and resilience goal. There are some works on job rotation, which are categorized into the human factors in planning and scheduling, and will be discussed later in this document. Broadly, according to (Laperrià ¨re et al., 2014) Production planning does not work alone, it normally approaches with other production activities (Fig. 1) such as aggregate production planning, production scheduling and production control. Aggregate Production Planning (APP) determines what, when and how much the work force levels, inventory status and production rate required to achieve the market or customer demand. APP falls between the broad decisions of long-range planning and the highly specific and detailed short-range planning decisions (Chakrabortty Hasin, 2013).Production Scheduling determines the sequence of production for planned products on daily and weekly basis (Pinedo, 2005); see also the previous discussion. Production Controldeals with the real time information from the processes such as workforce and inventory level to take decisions to remove or avoid the system from disruption (Pinedo, 2005). In this thesis research, the scope is production planning and schedu ling. 3.2 Human factors in production planning Technological developments in the production system allowed the automation of the manufacturing processes and assembly lines, but employees or human operators still remain a serious factor in every production system (Chryssolouris, 2006). Employees or workers are the most important resources of any organization. The way in which workers are allocated to tasks can meaningfully affect a companys performance or productivity (Tharmmaphornphilas Norman, 2007). Therefore non-compatibility or mismatch of humans to technical systems may even cause injuries in the humans, which is the main concern of human factor engineering in production planning. To solve this problem, job rotation is the best technique to overcome this issue and it helps to increase the production efficiency or productivity (McKay Wiers, 2006). 3.2.1 Human Scheduling in Technical System Presently, industries assign tasks to employees according to their competence, skills or experience. This method helps to increase the system productivity and quality but it can results in worker to be assigned same task every time (Tharmmaphornphilas Norman, 2007). Performing the repetitive tasks may reason for musculoskeletal disorders, accrue stress, induce boredom, create fatigue and may lead to occupational illness and injury (Hagberg et al. 1995). 3.2.2 Human Work Related Injuries The behavior of a worker can be affected by several factors such as: (Digiesi, et al. 2009). Work Environment: (physical: microclimate, ergonomics, noise; social: human relationships, communication among the group). Nature of the Task: (discrete vs. continuous, repetitive vs. non-repetitive, motor vs. cognitive). Personal factors: (psycho-physical attitude, personal skill, age, sex). 3.2.3 Leading Factors for Work Injuries It has been noticed that there are some major factors which contributes to work injuries are: Employee Boredom: It can be related with performance reduction, general dissatisfaction, and accidents (Azizi, Zolfaghari Liang, 2010). Fatigue: Accumulation of fatigue causesmusculoskeletal disorders(Asensio-Cuesta et al., 2012) Repetitive Motions: Monotonous repetitive work has been identified as a major cause of work load related disorders (Michalos et al., 2010) Workforce Aging: In very repetitive short cycle operations, work-related musculoskeletal disorders tend to be more dominant in workers aged from 40 to 60 (Boenzi, et al., 2015). 3.2.4 How We Reduce Work Injuries There are three ways to reduce or overcome the work injuries (Tayyari Smith, 1997) .These are as follows: Engineering Solutions: It includes to redesign the work place, redesign tools and redesign job. Administrative Solutions: It includes the reconsideration of work schedules, workers rotation and career changes. Personal Protective Equipment:It includes safety shoes, hats, safety glasses and safety clothes. 3.3 Quality Quality is important property of any systems and usually refers to the degree to which a system lives up to the expectation of satisfying its requirements (Ivan et al. 2014). The definition of quality, standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Society for Quality Control (ASQC) in 1978, is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy given needs. This definition suggests that we must be able to identify the features and characteristics of products and services that determine customer satisfaction and form the basis for measurement and control. 3.3.1 Manufacturing Quality In terms of manufacturing based quality, (Crosby, 1979) defined manufacturing quality as quality is about conformance to requirement. 3.3.2 Dimensions of Quality Garvin (1988) and Grady (1992) described the dimensions for quality analysis in their book are: Performance, Reliability, Conformance, Durability, Serviceability, Usability, Functionality and Supportability. Quality is often characterized in terms of attributes for system quality such as modifiability, durability, predictability (Ivan et al., 2014). 3.4 Job Rotation Job rotation is about the rotation of workers among a number of non-similar workstations where each worker requires different skills or techniques and responsibilities to do job (Azizi, Zolfaghari Liang, 2010). In other words job rotation can be defined as working at different operations or in different positions for particular set periods of time in a planned way (Jorgensen, 2005). 3.4.1 The Importance of Job Rotation Implementing Job Rotation as a manufacturing method is beneficial to increase production efficiency, operator satisfaction and helps to reduce Work-related musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) and labor cost (Cramer, 2011). Job rotation using lateral transfers allows employees to gain a wide range of knowledge, skills and competencies (Jorgensen, 2005). It provides a benefit or increase the firms ability to deal with change (Kher et al., 1999). As a benefit of job rotation to workers, it may increase workers job satisfaction (Cunningham and Eberle, 1990). Job rotation also yields such benefits to workers as reducing the injuries due to performing repetitive tasks as well as the workers fatigue especially if the worker is exposed to various muscular loads during task operation in manufacturing (Hinnen et al., 1992; Henderson, 1992). Carnahan et al. (2000) studied several methods to integrate the safety criteria into scheduling algorithms to produce job rotation schedules that reduce the potential for work injury. Job design related applications began to take shape with a scientific management approach in the 1900s. The study of management scientists such as Taylor and Gilbreth on the subject of job design becomes a foundation for scientific management. Further, many models were developed, which are associated with job design, social information processing and job characteristics approach by Hackman and Oldman in 1976 (Hackman Oldham, 1976) and these models have enormously important effects on increasing the productivity of human resources. Job rotation prevents musculoskeletal disorders, eliminates boredom and increases job satisfaction and morale. As a result, an organization gains a skilled and motivated workforce, which leads to increases in productivity, employee loyalty and decreases in employee turnover (Asensio-Cuesta et al., 2012). Job rotation is considered as an appropriate organizational strategy to reduce physical workload (Paul et al., 1999; Boenzi et al., 2015) in human-based production systems and it is the most wide spread labor flexibility instrument in the case of repetitive assembly tasks (Paul et al., 1999). 3.4.2 Outcome of Job Rotation 3.4.3 Job Rotation as a Cost Effective Tool There are several appealing factors for job rotation but one major factor is the relatively low implementation cost. Job rotation policy is very effective tool to overcome or minimize the work injuries cost or helpful in reduction of repetitive tasks, which leads to work injuries. Job rotation itself cost effective to apply in any organization the cost which only related to job rotation is training cost. 3.5 Work Force Aging The phenomenon of population aging affects the ageing of work force which determines work force availability. Industrial and academic research are required to investigate the influence of workforce aging in formulating new working time models and job rotation planning solutions. Field investigations on the effect of workers aging on production performance were carried out at the BMW plant in Dingolfing, Bavaria (Loch CH et al., 2010). 3.5.1 Aging Effects on Worker According to (Tokarski, 2011) aging affects the workers performance in three aspects are: Physically: (physiological, perceptual and motor processes, and declines in abilities, such as dexterity, strength and endurance. Cognitive: (Decision making Skills, Learning skills and forgetting phenomena) Emotions:(Boredom, fatigue and lack of motivation) 3.5.2 Workforce Aging Effect on Production Performance Changes in workforce age structure may have an impact on production system performance or productivity. According to Sà ¼lzenbrà ¼ck et al. (2010) age-related impairments have a negative effect on working capacity and productivity. In assembly lines the higher the average age of the assemblers, the higher the risk they cannot meet all the requirements (Buck Dworschak, 2003). The effects of ageing on employees physical and cognitive performances negatively affects the flexibility of human based production system (Boenzi et al., 2015). The factors which may affect the performance of a worker with respect to ageing are: Muscular Strength. Dynamics Actions. Endurance (Aerobic Capacity). Reaction Time (Responses). Awkward Postures (Flexibility). 4. Proposed Methodology A mathematical model will be developed in terms of Production cost. Components of production cost will be work injury cost, work injury prevention cost, inventory cost and conventional production cost. Different Scenarios will be developed considering workers of different age groups and how they can be rotated between job positions, when there is a work related injury to one of them. When scenarios are made, mathematical model formulated in the earlier step will be applied on the scenarios. The mathematical model for each scenario will form the basis for the use of Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). This Aggregate production planning problem emphases on developing a Multi objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) method to find the optimum production plan for meeting forecasted customer demand by controlling the work injury during the production. Multi objective function will be inserted along with its constraints. A general description of steps for implementing MOGA are as follows: Step 1: Generate random population of n chromosomes (suitable solutions for the problem) Step 2: Evaluate simultaneously the Multiple fitness f(x) of each chromosome x in the population Step 3: Create a new population by repeating four steps (Selection, Crossover, Mutation and Acceptation) until the new population is complete. Step 4: Use new generated population for a further run of algorithm Step 5: If the stopping condition is satisfied, stop, and return the best solution in current population Step 6: If the stopping condition is not satisfied then go to step 2 follow loop. MOGA parameters will then be inserted. Assumptions No worker is working on full capacity. It is assumed that a worker only utilizes 60 percent of his/her work capacity to fulfil the job requirement. Material is always available during production. Trivial solutions will be ignored. No hiring and lay off during the planning horizon. It is assumed that age is not a contributing factor towards work injury. 5. Conclusion There has been some work done on the concept of production planning in terms of work injury cost. But upon doing literature review, I realized that there has been no work done when it comes to applying work injury cost and job rotation to make a production plan. My work will focus on developing a production model by considering work injury cost and job rotation. There are quite a few benefits of this approach. Firstly, it will give us a model where workers of different age can be used in an optimized way in a production based environment. Secondly, in case of any absentee or injuries, an organization can develop a plan in such a way that workers of older age (above 50) are minimally exposed to physically intensive work. Furthermore, a model for job rotation will be made considering age of the workers so as to reduce work injury by minimal exposure of aged work force to physically demanding work. Lastly, due to application of work injury and job rotation, a cost effective way to model and run a production line (in terms of manual labor) will be done. 6. Timeline MONTH ACTIVITY January (2016) Preparation of set of research objectives and scope. Literature review. Presentation preparation for Seminar ME 990. February (2016) Identification of appropriate decision variables and constraints for model. March (2016) Completion of research proposal. April- September (2016) Advisory committee Formulation of model. Validation of model. October-November (2016) Compiling the final results. Thesis preparation. December (2016) Defence of thesis 7. References Buck, H., Dworschak. B., (2003) Ageing and work in Europe. Strategies at company level and public policies in selected European countries, in: Demography and employment, IRB, DE. Carnahan, B.J., Redfern, M.S., Norman, B.A., 2000. Designing safe job rotation schedules using optimization and heuristic search. Ergonomics 43, 543-560. Chakrabortty, R., Hasin, M. (2013). Solving an aggregate production planning problem by using multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) approach. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 4(1), 1-12. Chryssolouris G (2006) Manufacturing Systems: Theory and Practice. Second edition. 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